Is Fashion Art (Information and Interpretation) - 1651 Words

Is Fashion Art? Everybody questions art. You would think art is merely created for admiration, but its not. The average person would describe art as a drawing on a piece of paper, and this quote by Clement Greenberg (1909-1991) suggests why: The task of self-criticism became to eliminate from the effects of each art, any and every effect that might conceivably be borrowed from or by the medium of any other art. Thereby, each art would be rendered ‘pureÂ… Painting is not sculpture Ââ€" it is two-dimensional; Painting is not photography Ââ€" it should not reproduce appearance; Painting is not literature Ââ€" it should not tell stories; Painting is not music Ââ€" it is silent. But if we did believe that art was purely a drawing created by the†¦show more content†¦But then again, is that Monet poster on your wall not art? It may be a reproduction of the painting, but it is still art, isnt it? And what about your Topshop dress. Is that art? Well, perhaps a reproduction of it. After all, clothes are designed, created, and displayed on the catwalk in a series of stages comparable to that of the production of a work of art. What about Tracy Emins ‘My Bed, is it art? Is Marcel Duchamps Fountain (a urinal which he signed with a pseudonym) art? Well if you disagree then you may have to reconsider your decision as it was voted the most influential 20th century artwork in 2004. These works are both acclaimed and slated, and yet there is probably less actual artistic work in them than in a Stella McCartney outfit. Perhaps fashion is just craftsmanship? But then, surely so is painting, sculpture and architecture, requiring specific skills to produce, and yet few people would argue that they do not constitute an artistic endeavour. Fortunys tiny pleats of the 1920s (practically unwearable but certainly beautiful) were like Grecian sculptures: detailed, handmade pieces that represented a lifes work. In the 1970s, Jean Muirs flowing silk jersey dresses gave women the chance to look like Pre-Raphaelite heroines. The eclecticism of Bibas lifestyle/fashion emporium gave the women of the 60s and 70s theShow MoreRelatedThe Main Problems Facing Art Students Through Feedback Obtained Through Questionnaires, Interviews And Sales Data1282 Words   |  6 Pagesalso will assess the reliability of the study and summarise its limits. 3.1 Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to analyse and assess the main problems facing art students’ through feedback obtained through questionnaires, interviews and sales data. The issue is concerned mainly with the difficulties that art students might encountered in the entrepreneurial process. Therefore, the actual survey and data of this research will help to analyse student’s behaviour and thoughts, identityRead More Analysis Of Writers Paulo Frei Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesPerspectives in the Arts nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The stories behind a piece of art are infinite. The reasons the artist produced the piece is only one explanation behind the work. Even so, who is to know the specific thoughts the artist was thinking at the time? As each art critic may conclude his own analysis of an artwork, who is right and who is wrong? Just as students challenge the information that is supposedly â€Å"deposited† in them by the teacher in the classroom setting, art challenges theRead MoreKarl Marx, Commodity Fetishism, An Objective, Valuable For People Things1164 Words   |  5 Pages80 kilos. Nowadays everything is judged by the availability of some stuff (mobile phones, lap-tops made by Apple, not by Samsung)irrespective of the real necessity. 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Similarly, beauty is there as long as I look forRead MoreEssay on Music in Education702 Words   |  3 Pagesschools attempting to eliminate teaching musical arts to our children. The board of education claims they must provide education by concentrating on the basic academic courses, but what they dont realize is that music is a major part of basic education. We must not allow them to pull the teaching of music out of our school curriculums because music is an essential form of communication. Our children do not have to be fluent in the arts to receive the value of broad exposure to the differentRead MorePrincess Victoria And Prince Albert With Five Of Their Children1502 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria. According to John Berger, author of â€Å"Ways of Seeing†, we would interpret the objects or image we see through the knowledge and the beliefs that we understand. This explains that my interpretation may be different from others as they know other information that I may not know, which can change the interpretation of the painting. Others may say Queen Victoria was quite close to her children and may have possibly been a controlling parent. However, it is not fully known if she was close to her childrenRead MoreJohn Berger and History1537 Words   |  7 Pagesall power, authority, and meaning that was once held by an original work of art has been lost through the mass reproduction of these works that has occurred in recent years. He writes of an entirely bogus religios ity (116-117) that surrounds these art objects and that the meaning of the original work no longer lies in what it uniquely says but in what it uniquely is (117). He claims that because of reproduction, the art of the past no longer exists as it once did (127). Obviously, something createdRead More The Artists Tina Barney and Elliott Erwitt1133 Words   |  5 Pagestheir art is simple and meaningful but, meaning is what an observer makes of it. What does this indicate one might ask? It means that although they both have very distinct ways of taking a photograph their common goal is to evoke emotion in their observers. Elliott Erwitt put it in the simplest terms when he said, â€Å"I think you should just look at the stuff and if it enriches you in some way or knocks you out, that’s all you need† (Danziger 89). The most effective source of information thatRead MoreExplain the Purpose of Hermeneutics1564 Words   |  7 Pagesof Hermeneutics is to bridge the gap between our minds and the minds of the Biblical writers through a thorough knowledge of the original languages, ancient history and the comparison of Scripture with Scripture. 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Focus on Siemens AG Company Free Essays

string(95) " books so that it could make more nefarious payments \(Balzli, Deckstein Schmitt 2007\)\." There is a state of ambivalence over bribery in organizations. Some people regard bribery as a type of pecuniary corruption since it involves the transfer of money or any form of gift aimed at altering the behaviour of the recipient (Dowling 2008). In deed the Black’s law Dictionary defines bribery as a form of crime that involves giving, offering, soliciting for or receiving any item that has value in order to manipulate the actions of a person or official performing a certain duty (Dowling 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Focus on Siemens AG Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this case, what makes bribery bad is the fact that the person receiving the bribe may act in a manner that would be detrimental to other operations in an organizations or related organizations. Such operations may include substandard services in which the bribery is used to protect the parties involved (Dowling 2008). On the other hand, some people view bribery as an act that is part of development ambitions in organizations. For instance, Lemieux (2005) argues that many countries whose underground economies have grown could not be where they are today were it not for bribery. And this seems to be the secret behind many organizations such as Siemens AG, which have to deal with authorities in terms of taxation and other legal requirements. Along this line, Lemieux (2005) opines that it is often not possible, or it is very costly, for a company or an individual to escape the restrictions and other prohibitions that are prerequisites to operation of business. Lemieux (2005) also notes that bribery in organizations is a phenomenon that cannot be easily gotten rid of because it is perfectly impossible to enforce the measures required to maintain a bribery-free business environment. Instead, the stricter measures to stop bribery in many organizations only serve to amplify the phenomenon (Lemieux 2005). Cash bribes are often used as donations to many political parties, and non-cash bribes may also be used to seek support in certain business ventures. Thus, according to Lemieux (2005), there is a common dictum among organizations: bribe them (the authorities) if you want to do peaceful business. Siemens AG was a company of high repute as the largest engineering firm in Europe, but its image was clouded when it ventured into bribery in order to expand its operations (OECD 2005). As discussed in this paper, Siemens AG was involved in massive bribery deals both locally and internationally in a bid to maintain a good image of the corporation as a global leader in engineering (Economist. com). But as further discussed, bribery is not only expensive but also a phenomenon that can tarnish the name of a company given the fines that Siemens AG had to pay and the numerous apologies it had to make ( Economist. com). The company also had to suspend many of its staff who were allegedly involve in the bribery claims, thus slowing down its vigour in the market (Economist. com). This makes bribery a topic that is amenable to further discussion as to whether it is a mechanism to advance the operations of a business or it is a vice that should be abhorred by organizations if they want to be successful. The Siemens AG Bribery Scandals Siemens AG’s slogan â€Å"Be Inspired† of the mid-1990s was perhaps of the most inspiring slogans to have been used by leading organizations in the world (Economist. com). However, the inspiration later turned out to involve murky deals aimed at promoting the company globally. So did the managers of the company lack the inspiration to build the company or they were just inspired to build it using alternative means? Siemens AG’s managers were involved in mischievous ways of funnelling huge sums of money to corrupt leaders of many authorities and politician the world over (OECD 2005). The methods used in the bribery cases were just astounding. According to Economist. com, the company bribed its subjects with a lot of trust and candour that no one could figure out the vice in many business transactions. To facilitate the bribery operations, the company set up three â€Å"cash desks† in its offices from which the bribery operations were performed (OECD 2005). Company employees would bring empty suitcases to the desks, which would be filled with cash in a manner that could raise no suspicion. As a result of such deals, as much as â‚ ¬1 million or $1. 4 million was withdrawn at different times to facilitate securing of contracts for Siemens AG’s telecoms equipment division (OECD 2005). The cash desks for bribery deals operated on honour mechanisms and not many questions were asked about the operations, nor was proof documentation required (Economist. com). In addition, managers who made application for money from the company were allowed to approve their requests without following due procedures (Economist. com). In fact, by the year 1999 Siemens AG was openly claiming tax deductions to cater for bribes, and the dealings were recorded in accounts books as useful expenditure (Economist. com). In the context of the bribery deals, it is worthwhile to note that Siemens AG considered bribery as a business venture aimed at widening its scope of operations. As a matter of fact, Siemens AG spent about $67 million in â€Å"suitcases† between 2001 and 2004 (OECD 2005). Nevertheless, according to OECD (2005), the people involved in the bribery transactions felt confident about what they were doing and knew that there was nothing wrong. The point here is that bribery was considered as a normal activity that required no questioning. The seemingly conducive culture of bribery continued with illicit payments even after Germany had banned bribing of foreign officials in the year 1999 (Balzli, Deckstein Schmitt 2007). Thus, when Siemens AG listed its shares on United States’ New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2001 and it was subjected to stringent American anti-bribery measures, the managers desisted from counting cash in office (Balzli, Deckstein Schmitt 2007). Instead, they turned to the use of cash cheques to perform the same operations. The cheques were deposited in various accounts but the company did not keep records in its own books so that it could make more nefarious payments (Balzli, Deckstein Schmitt 2007). You read "Focus on Siemens AG Company" in category "Papers" In order to disguise the underhand operations, Siemens AG managers outsourced most of its accounts works to â€Å"business consultants† so that no it would not be culpable in any secret operation would be unearthed (Economist. com). In bid to cover their operations further, the managers of the company used more eccentric mean to avoid being found (Balzli, Deckstein Schmitt 2007). When they authorised the bribery payments, they used removable sticky notes, which would be easily destroyed to conceal all evidence of any transaction (Fernando Bellamkonda 2007). The sums of money transferred by the managers of Siemens AG were staggering. According to Balzli, Deckstein and Schmitt (2007), a total of $805 million was handed over by the company to foreign officials in bribes. The money handed out was aimed at ensuring that Siemens won as many contracts as it could in many foreign markets (Economist. com). In other instances, the bribes were meant to woo labour representatives in supervisory areas to support Siemens AG policies when they would obviously need to rejected (Fernando Bellamkonda 2007). Along this line, Fernando and Bellamkonda (2007) note that the German government’s stance on bribery was perhaps a contributing factor in Siemens AG’s underhand operations. This is because many companies understood that the German law and even the law in many other OECD countries permitted bribery and even offered subsidies to companies in order to enhance their operations in spite of the huge sums of money given out in form of bribes. Implications of the bribery cases When the Siemens AG bribe scandals were unearthed between 2006 and 2007, it was dubbed the â€Å"$2 billion bribes-for-business scandal† (Bushan 2008). When the details of scandal spilled out, German authorities raised siemens AG’ s offices in Germany an further investigations were initiated in countries such as the United States, Italy, Greece, and Switzerland where the company hand major investments (Bushan 2008). What followed were court suits, apologies, and a general decline in the company’s performance. The first reaction by the company managers was a fallout in which the CEO, Heinrich von Pierer and head of the company’s supervisory board, known as Klaus Kleinfeld, resigned in spite of the fact that they were not directly implicated (Bushan 2008). On December 15 2008, Siemens AG agreed with its host country Germany and the United States to pay them $1. 34 billion in response to bribe charges (Dowling et al 2008). This ended a two-year inquiry that had been made by the German Government to Siemens AG officials all over the world. In the agreement, Siemens AG paid â‚ ¬395 million to settle to the German Government’s inquiry expenses and a further $800 million as the charges raised by the United States Security Exchange Commission (Dowling et al 2008). In addition, Siemens AG pleaded guilty to flouting the United States anti-bribery laws, which resulted into a penalty of a further $1. 36 billion (Dowling et al 2008). In an attempt to recover the massive losses, Siemens AG sued eleven of its former board executives led by Heinrich von Pierer and Klaus Kleinfeld (Dowling et al 2008). The new management of Siemens said that the action was meant to seek compensation from the former managers for damages that the company incurred as a result of their wanton actions (Dowling et al 2008). Some of the damages that were inflicted on Siemens and which the company would take time to recover from included a fall in the company’s share price by 23 cent to â‚ ¬47. 15 on the Frankfurt stock market. In addition, Siemens’s stock in the market plummeted by 56 per cent in 2008 (Dowling et al 2008). What the Bribery Scandal in Siemens AG means about Bribery in Organizations Given that the law in Germany and other OECD countries was somehow supportive of bribery, the efforts by the German Government to investigate the bribery claims can be considered to have been aimed at dignifying international laws on trade and laws against bribery (Dowling et al 2008). This is particularly true since other countries such as the United States, Greece, Italy and Switzerland were involved. According to Lemieux (2005), countries usually support corporations that have significant influence on the magnitude of their gross national product, as was the case of Siemens in Germany. Here, the fact that the German government provided subsidies to Siemens AG to facilitate its bribery payments cannot be gainsaid and is a clear pointer that even the though the government reacted, its officials had been well aware of the underhand operations. The Siemens AG bribery case also points out the weaknesses in governments when it comes to dealing with giant corporations. It is particularly worthy noting that Europe is still miles behind the United States when dealing with corruption cases particularly bribery (Georgiev 2008). According to a further analysis in Economist. com, Siemens invited group of lawyers from a United States firm called Debevoise Plimpton to represent it with the hope that doing so would make it win sympathisers and have its name cleared from the bribery scandal. Nevertheless, this move made things even worse as the lawyers carried out a private investigation that cost the company a further â‚ ¬204 million. Thus, according to Economist. com, an investigation by German investigators would not have unravelled as much. Although Siemens AG paid many fines, the amount of money cannot equal the damage it did to markets both locally and at the international level. Considering the fact that Siemens AG was used to paying bribes, the fines were just meant to polish the name of the company. Nevertheless, other companies lost several contracts due to Siemens AG’s bribery (Balzli, Deckstein Schmitt 2007). This perhaps is the worst effect of the bribery claims as companies that seemingly would have been more competent than Siemens AG were denied the chance to compete for tenders due to the bribe mask. This shows how unpopular companies are treated unfairly at the expense of pleasing giant companies, which have the ability to finance illegal operations. Siemens AG was able to influence market policies through bribery and this therefore leaves a question of whether the giant organizations of the world actually reach the top through excellent performance or through underhand deals as portrayed by firm. According to Economist. com, the confession by Siemens AG of involvement in bribery was triggered not by the fact that bribery is a vice in the organizational environment. Rather, it was due to the realization that the company was bound to lose a major market in the United States- which was firmly against the deals, as well as other markets in Greece, Italy, and Switzerland. A question that arises therefore is what would have happened had the bribery scandal not been raised in the public limelight. Would Siemens AG have been praised as a company that has roots all over the world and experiencing rapid growth to necessitate government subsidies, or would it have been criticised to have grown based on underhand operations? Probably the answer lies in viewing bribery a vice and not an incentive within organizations, and realizing that fair competition should not involve bribery. Conclusion Bribery in organizations is viewed with different standpoints depending on the effect it has on the respective organizations. For large organizations such as Siemens AG, bribery is seen as a mechanism to augment expansion since restrictions such as laws are avoided. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of bribery include massive fines against the organizations involved and a significant corporate damage as was realized in the case of Siemens AG. References Balzli, B, Deckstein, D Schmitt J 2007, New Report Details Far-Reaching Corruption, Spiegel Online International, Available from http://www. spiegel. de/international/0,1518,462954,00. html (16 March 2009) Bhushan, A 2008, Bribes-for-Business: Siemens AG Sues 11 former management board executives, CEOWORLD Magazine, Available from http://ceoworld. biz/ceo/2008/07/31/bribes-for-business-siemens-ag-sues-11-former-management-board-executives/ (16 March 2009) Dowling, P; Welch, D E ; Festing, M Engle A D 2008, International human resource management: managing people in a multinational context, Cengage Learning EMEA, New York Economist. com, 17 Dec 2008, The stench of bribery at Siemens signals a wider rot in Europe, Available from http://www. economist. com/business/displaystory. cfm? story_id=12800474 (16 March 2009) Fernando, R Bellamkonda, B 2007, The Bribery Scandal at Siemens AG, Available from http://www. caseplace. org/d. asp? d=375 (16 March 2009) Georgiev, P K 2008, Corruptive patterns of patronage in SE Europe, VS Verlag, London Lemieux, P 2006, In defense of bribery, Available from http://mises. org/story/1884 (16 March 2009) OECD 2005, Fighting corruption and promoting integrity in public procurement, OECD Publishing, London How to cite Focus on Siemens AG Company, Papers

Ethics Of Plagiarism And Mills In The Digital Age †Free Samples

Question: What Are The Ethics Of Plagiarism And Essay Mills In The Digital Age? Answer: Introduction Plagiarism comes from the Latin word Plagio which translate to steal. It is significant to formulate on the definition of the plagiarism from the verb plagiarize (Amos, 2014). This describes stealing or even borrowing another person ideas, works along with ideas. In this kind of a way, plagiarism is duplicating on someone else and even switching it as their very own. Plagiarism is the intentional activity, it is also cheating (Amos, 2014). Individuals generally believe that the intellectual property rights for their acknowledgment in our world. This really is the simplest way for the realization. The aspect of the academic cheating has become much easier in this digital age. The students nowadays copies information electronically from the internet and they are able to insert it to their assignments as if it is their own (Drinan, 2016). Moreover, they are even able to access papers from the internet paper mills. There are papers from any level which could be downloaded in seconds. The center for the Academic Integrity collaborated on the increase of the plagiarism among the students (Drinan, 2016). With regards to the digital age declare that although that the cheating is not the plagiarism, the use of the internet has increased the rate of plagiarism. Individuals could meet plagiarism in many of the spheres. The academic fraud has not just emerged as an issue in this digital age. The concept of the essay mills as well as the ghostwriters has been around since the 19th century (Ananou, 2014). The student organization for example the fraternities which are stored academic work in the file banks and they passed old term from the student to the student (Ananou, 2014). Such recycling concept inspired the commercial market, which was beginning of this ghostwriting industry as well as the commercial mills. In this essay, it will examine on the ethics of plagiarism and the essay mills in the digital Age. Ethics of the plagiarism Plagiarism in its basic terms is the act of copying other individuals work and passing them of as their own work. This usually violates on the authors right to the ownership of the work that is the fundamental moral right (Drinan, 2016). When it comes to academic circle plagiarism has been regarded to be unethical behavior and any perpetrator should be subject to the sanctions, which include the expulsion from the institution they are study. When it comes to the publishing industry, plagiarism is not necessarily a crime. Nonetheless , it really is a serious unethical practice whenever sections of another work of an writer are included in numerous work with absolutely no indication at all of their source , or even when the plagiarized wording has not been put between the quotations marks , or maybe the prevalence of the words have not been cited (Elliott and Spence, 2017). Because of the computers along with internet , it has turns into less difficult presently to appropriate the passages from the work of the other authors, in all the disciplines such as science, journalism and the writing of the projects as well as the work which are undertaken by the students. The detection of the plagiarism when it comes to the academic works that have been sent particularly to the publication is vital activity when it comes to the editorial process. The use of the computers, and the internet has made it possible to have the tools at ones disposal in order to detect on the plagiarism (Elliott and Spence, 2017). The ethics of plagiarism is merely the ethics of stealing, when someone steals another person work and pass as their own that stealing, which is very unethical and also illegal. In the legal terms, plagiarism is regarded as the literary theft. In case a person knowingly use another individuals work without giving them credit, then they are committing plagiarism. Moreover, plagiarism also it extends to the ideas of the products, especially when someone take another person idea or even product and pass it as their own work. When one is accused of plagiarism, they are accused of stealing since they are committing an act of the fraud. One is not only stealing the work, product or even the original ideas of another person, but they are lying about undertaking it afterwards (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). Therefore, ethics of plagiarism is merely of stealing. It can become hard especially to the student who have grown up in an online copy and paste culture to seeing plagiarism as an ethical issue. Somewhat surprisingly to many struggling students who usually plagiarize, they may be student who are under the pressure of achieving success and who may likely engage in the subtler forms of plagiarism. according to researcher, they have identified three situation to which this could most likely occur; one is when the student are under pressure such as when the work is under tight deadline or work which is important for their grades (Exposito and Matteson, 2015). Another way would be when the students are not interested in the work and when the learners they feel that the assignment is unfair to the extent they have no hope of success without cheating. According to the study done in 2009 it has found out that a wide range to how serious teens identified numerous type of cheating: whilst two third of the teens regarded the whole copying of the assignment to be completely wrong, just like half felt the same in regards to plagiarizing part of the assignments, and a third felt it was completely wrong to copy homework questions directly from internet (Vie, 2013). When not seeing some kind of plagiarism as being dishonest, some of the learners may be genuinely confused. An example, even though most could agree that blatantly copying and also pasting whole of the assignment is cheating, they may not realize that the aspect of paraphrasing material as well as stitching it together to look precisely original is also regarded as the plagiarism. This could be in part since the learners have grown up in copy and paste culture where collaboration as well as sharing is the norm and most of their sources of the data, for instance, Wikipedia they are seen as not having the authors (Exposito and Matteson, 2015). Nonetheless, some of the researchers have also argued that the young students have an entirely different attitude when it comes to the authorship as well as the ownership than the previous generations did (Balbuena and Lamela, 2015). Moreover, others have also felt that the issue is more that the students are not being taught to respect the academic honesty or even the technical skills which are necessary when it comes to synthesizing and citing properly the sources. How can word be stolen? People should not believe the myths, the words could be stolen. The US law highlights that the original ideas, which includes the stories, phrases as well as other groups of words could be protected under the US copyright laws (Amos, 2014). This therefore means that in case one steals another person idea along with original content, they have violated on the intellectual property law and that is a crime. In case an individual protect on their literary work, they have the physical proof that they have committed plagiarism and this could cause them severe consequences. The aftermath Once a student has been accused of committing of the plagiarism, the crime need to be proven. The type of the plagiarism in which one will commit would determine on the consequences to which one should deal with. For example, in case one plagiarizes a paper in school, the consequences are not very severe as those which are associated with the stealing another person book or even copyrighted materials (Roberts, 2007). Nonetheless, just because individuals are not taken away to the jail for stealing the work of the other students in school, does not mean that there are not serious consequences from the educational institution (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). In case a student plagiarize on their school work, their reputation will be tarnished and they could be even be kicked out of the institution they attend (Walchuk, 2016). When a learner is caught plagiarizing at any educational level they get listed on the academic record which is listed as the ethics offense. When one has ethics offe nse on their record this could prevent them from being accepted into another institution (Tong, 2017). On the part of the professionals who are convicted of violating on the copyright laws they might face monetary repercussions and their reputation totally destroyed. Any author has the right to sue another professional for stealing part of their work. Plagiarism is not only a serious ethical issue, but also it has become a severe legal repercussion. Institutional action The implementation of the programs as well as policies of promoting academic integrity for example the honor codes, they have been proven to positively impact on the behavior of the students (Skaar and Hammer, 2013). Based on the McCabe and Trevino, the honor code could be quite very successful; nonetheless, an effective honor code should be implemented well and strongly embedded in the culture of the students, which means that just a mere code is not enough to be able to prevent cheating. Many of the stakeholders usually are convinced that concept of plagiarism is a serious academic problem especially to the institution which demonstrate that they are handling it (Adam, 2016). Some of the institution have the pro-active anti-plagiarism policy, while some they have a reactive policy and other still claim, but they cannot prove, that none of their learners cheat. To cheat or not to cheat: why some of the student plagiarize The aspect of plagiarism is not a new phenomenon. Copying from the other writers is probably as old as writing itself begun, but not until the advent of the mass-produced writing, it has remained hidden from the gaze of the public (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). Among the most popular forms of the plagiarism by the learners, there are: stealing of the material from another source then transferring it of as their own work; submitting a paper that has already been compiled by somebody else ; duplicating on the parts of the materials from one or maybe more source texts and then providing appropriate documentation but at the same time leaving out the quotation marks, therefore giving the impression that the materials that has been paraphrased rather than the directly quotes (Hansen and Anderson, 2014). There are few reasons as to why the student could cheat; one of the reason is that of pressure to get high grades, there is the aspect of the parental pressure, pressure to get a job, the desire to excel, there is lack of the responsibility, there is lack of the personal integrity and the perception of the behavior of the peers (Farooq and Haroon, 2016). Thus, the students may cheat since they do not want to be at the disadvantage as comparison to their peers. The studies have shown that men tend to cheat more as compared to the women, as well as young student cheat more than the mature students. Moreover, when the learners know what they are risking when they get caught cheating, they tend to cheat less. Essay mills in the Digital Age The academic plagiarism in this digital age is not just the mediocre cut and paste mission or perhaps the student cribbing large chunks of the project from a colleague prior essay on the similar subject (Spence and Elliott, 2017). These days the student may check out any given paper or essay mills, which are easily located in the internet and purchase a completed assignment to present it as their very own. The paper mills are not going away soon anytime and they cannot be easily policed or even shut down by the legislation (Ercegovac and Richardson, 2004). These website usually provide services that at an alarming number of the students who are much happy in using them. When managing this kind of the academic deceit it may require hard work from the establishment of the academia as well as renewed commitment to the integrity from the institution communities. The essay writing services has been all over the internet. Just through a mere quick Google search it can turn up hundreds of thousands of academic writing services on the web, from the major organization to part time independent freelancers (Richards, 2015). These services are not without controversy (Richards, 2015). The essay mills websites more often bring in the aspect of plagiarism concerns as well as ethical questions, particularly for the academic essay writing. Many of the higher learning institutions usually have honor codes which prohibit the students from purchasing essays, since they argue that it is ethically wrong for one to submit another person work to be graded, whether or not it has been plagiarized or paid for Kong, Goh, Gussen and Turner, 2016). Nonetheless, when it comes to the professional world, it has become common for the busy executive to hiring of the ghost writers to author the experts articles or even the thought leadership papers. Essay mills companies: an insider perspective The essay mills have been thriving all throughout the 60s and even 70s. increasingly political as well as community involvement caused the learners to focus more on the social activities which was outside the classroom work rather than spending on their time doing the academic work (Ercegovac and Richardson, 2004). Moreover, the essay mill businesses they have used more and more money in order to advertise their services, which lures the students to purchasing on their academic degreed rather than actual earning it themselves. During that time, there were no plagiarism checkers that existed and most of this work was mainly recycled. One of the misconception in the essay mills business is that only the foreign students uses the essay writing services since they struggle to write effective English (Quinn, 2014). It is very true that the foreign students may have troubles when it comes to academic language, but almost every individual who has been part of the educational system needs some professionals writing help at one point or another (Ercegovac and Richardson, 2004). It is evident that no matter how one is committed or even talented as a student, it is impossible for them to meet all the requirements of the coursework, and the task of writing is only one which they could delegate. Are the essay mills legal? The essay mills are legal. The argument on this aspect is that the essay mills only sell essays with the intention to inspire the students as well as teach them how an ideal essay should look like. Most of the essay mills usually explicitly advise the learners not to submit the original essay rather use it as an example to draft on their own. Moreover, there is no legal consequences if a student does submit (Rai, Singh and Bakshi, 2016). After all, the customer could decide to do with what they have purchased. Even though there is a given legality on the essay mills, purchasing the essays and submitting them as own work is highly unethical and unaccepted. It could damage on the academic integrity, degree as well as individual critical thinking along with the writing skills (Rogerson and McCarthy, 2017). In case every individual stopped earning their degree, then the world would enter a fraud and skill less workforce since many would only need to purchase the essays and submit as thei r own. According to the Staffordshire University, Thomas Lancaster, told once the British newspaper The Guardian that it is not illegal for the website to provide write model essay, and it is not illegal for one to purchase an essay, but in case, they buy the essay and hand in and get a degree they do not deserve and use that same degree to get a job, then that becomes a fraudulent transaction. In this digital age it is very difficult to detect whether an essay was bought or self-written. In case an essay mills happens to sell the essay to multiple student, who then submit the essay, the plagiarism in this case will be able to find the duplicates (Pecorari, 2014). Moreover, the judgment of the over the authenticity of the essay of the student remains with the tutors and faculty. Plagiarism and cheating: stopping on this epidemic In this digital age plagiarism has become a serious transgression at every level of education which may even result in the expulsion of the student in case they are caught (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). The University professor have been able to know how to regularly run essays through plagiarism software such as CopyScape services. Back in the year 2008, the USA news as well as the world report highlighted that there have been a rise in the text-matching software to be able to catch the content which has been plagiarized. The percentage of the students who admitted to have cheated topped more than fifty percent in 2002 (Baydik and Gasparyan, 2016). There are software companies such as Turntin.com and SafeAssign which are massively built databases to millions of the school papers, books as well as articles and webpages to be able to compare the students assignment against them. Some of the professors have also highlighted that using these software that catching plagiarism is as simple as when one Googles few phrases in the student papers which are unattributed. Conclusion Cheating in the learning institution always occurs, and as long as the student feel the pressure to produce in elite institution, while at the same time balancing the demand of the course work, jobs as well as burgeoning the social life it is very inevitable that some will succumb to the temptation of cheating (Offutt, 2014). Many of the students are able to plagiarize without being caught. Nonetheless, when someone steal another person work it is not a good idea and it is not ethical. The ethics of plagiarism is just the ethics of stealing. It is important to always cite on the sources and give proper credit to the original authors. If one has not created an idea, it is good to be honest. Paraphrasing is okay provided one does it correctly and cite the original author of the work (Offutt, 2014). On the other aspect paying for an essay from the essay mills may not be the same as copying exams answer of from another student paper, but it is certainly cheating when one submit the origi nal work as their own. Purchasing of the essays in my opinion I believe it is not wrong, if it will only be used as a guide when drafting ones final paper on a given assignment. The only issue is submitting that particular work as your own that become cheating and it is very unethical. References Adam, L., 2016. Student perspectives on plagiarism. Handbook of Academic Integrity, pp.519-535. Amos, K.A., 2014. The ethics of scholarly publishing: exploring differences in plagiarism and duplicate publication across nations. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 102(2), p.87. Ananou, T.S., 2014. Academic honesty in the digital age (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania). Balbuena, S.E. and Lamela, R.A., 2015. Prevalence, motives, and views of academic dishonesty in higher education. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(2), pp.69-75. Baydik, O.D. and Gasparyan, A.Y., 2016. How to act when research misconduct is not detected by software but revealed by the author of the plagiarized article. Journal of Korean medical science, 31(10), pp.1508-1510. Drinan, P., 2016. Getting Political: What Institutions and Governments Need to Do. Handbook of Academic Integrity, p.1075. Elliott, D. and Spence, E.H., 2017. Ethics for a digital era. John Wiley Sons. Ercegovac, Z. and Richardson, J.V., 2004. Academic dishonesty, plagiarism included, in the digital age: A literature review. College Research Libraries, 65(4), pp.301-318. Exposito, J.A. and Matteson, R., 2015. Academic Integrity: Corruption and the Demise of the Educational System. Farooq, U. and Haroon, M.Z., 2016. Plagiarism in scientific writing. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 26(4). Hansen, R.F. and Anderson, A., 2014. Law student plagiarism: contemporary challenges and responses. J. Legal Educ., 64, p.416. Kong, E., Goh, S.C.N., Gussen, B.F., Turner, J. and Abawi, L.A., 2016. Strategies on Addressing Contract Cheating: A Case Study from an Australian. Handbook of Research on Academic Misconduct in Higher Education, p.206. Offutt, J., 2014. Globalizationethics and plagiarism. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability, 24(3), pp.181-183. Pecorari, D. and Petri?, B., 2014. Plagiarism in second-language writing. Language Teaching, 47(3), pp.269-302. Quinn, M.J., 2014. Ethics for the information age. Pearson. Rai, P., Singh, A. and Bakshi, S.I., 2016. Plagiarism in Academia is Ignorance or Mensrea: A Contemplation. World Digital Libraries-An international journal, 9(1), pp.33-43. Richards, N., 2015. Intellectual privacy: Rethinking civil liberties in the digital age. Oxford University Press, USA. Roberts, T.S. ed., 2007. Student plagiarism in an online world: Problems and Solutions: Problems and Solutions. IGI Global. Rogerson, A.M. and McCarthy, G., 2017. Using Internet based paraphrasing tools: Original work, patchwriting or facilitated plagiarism?. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 13(1), p.2. Skaar, H. and Hammer, H., 2013. Why students plagiarise from the internet: The views and practices in three Norwegian upper secondary classrooms. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 9(2). Spence, E.H. and Elliott, D., 2017. Ethics for a Digital Era (Vol. 2357). John Wiley Sons. Tong, K.W., 2017. Internet Plagiarism at the Fingertips? Legal Warning to Professionals and Future Professionals. In New Ecology for EducationCommunication X Learning (pp. 277-294). Springer, Singapore. Vie, S., 2013. A pedagogy of resistance toward plagiarism detection technologies. Computers and Composition, 30(1), pp.3-15. Walchuk, K., 2016. An examination of the efficacy of the plagiarism detection software program Turnitin.

Camping Desert and Mountains Essay Example

Camping: Desert and Mountains Essay Camping: Mountains and Desert A few times a year, I like to go camping. Sometimes I go to the mountains in Kern County, California, whereas, other times I go to the desert in Brawley, California. Camping in the mountains, although similar in atmosphere, terrain and activities, has many more benefits than camping in the desert. There is nothing like taking a deep breath of cool, crisp mountain air, taking that narrow winding road that never seems to end until at last reaching the very spot that I’ve been dreaming about. The sun is starting to peak through the trees as I start the tedious task of setting up camp. I stop for a moment and realize I can hear laughter, bushes brushing up against the pant legs of hikers, fallen branches snapping under foot and the various ground critters that run free. I look around and see cities of tents packed tightly together under the soaring redwood trees, large rocks scattered near and far in promise of great climbing adventures for young children and shallow streams that invite even the most inexperienced fishermen. Night falls, and I hear the trees moving, making music in the sky, coyotes howling to the moon and the streams moving swiftly as they are racing to the river. Out of the corner of my eye I catch a glimpse of flickering orange light that seems to dance in the wind, only to realize it is the camp fire at the heart of each tent city. I can see happiness painted across each of the smiling faces that sit and stare as others puff their checks out and cross their eyes. Oh yes, they are imitating a monkey in the game of charades. We will write a custom essay sample on Camping: Desert and Mountains specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Camping: Desert and Mountains specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Camping: Desert and Mountains specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The smell of roasted marshmallows is beginning to engulf my pallet as I hold my metal hanger over the fire, causing my mouth to water. As I sit in my chair I can feel my eyes beginning to close, and all I can do is smile because there is a promise that tomorrow will hold new adventures. The season has changed, and the excitement has begun to sink in, the bikes are loaded and the RV is packed. The three hour drive could not pass fast enough. I open the window, and the dry, arid smell of the desert, unlike the crisp mountain air, has filled my mind with memories of trips past. I can see off in the black sea of nothingness, a red light flashing with promise that I am are near. The road beneath starts to jostle the RV to and fro, as the pavement disappears and the dirt road begins. A bright light shines from up above, guiding my way along the old rail tracks until the wash road sign shines so bright that I am left squinting as I prepare to turn. Driving so cautiously not to find any soft sand, I finally arrive to my flat camp ground just below the smallest windblown dunes. The sun starts to peak from what seems to be the world’s edge; shining ever so brightly upon the very attraction I’ve come for, untouched sand dunes, with not a single tree to distract my eye. Off in the distance I can hear a faint sound of what seems to be a motorcycle. As the noise becomes louder I can hear a pinging that fills my body with a rush of excitement. I grab my helmet and jumped on my bike, turned the ignition and with a thunderous roar my bike has come to life. The wind upon my skin sends chills down my spine as I maneuver through the small hills. I look ahead to see mountainous towers of soft sand that dance with the wind. The speechless curve of each peak’s edge shifts in the breeze. I look out across the sea of sand to see tiny silver flickers climbing higher on the face of a sand dune. Several people are gathered near the bottom cheering and clapping. I ride with the wind pushing at my back, down the steep hillside. As I draw near the crowd, I realize that there are people everywhere; drinking, laughing and having a good time. That’s when my attention is thrown at the hill before me; these are the sand drags. My heart begins to race with anticipation that one’s bike will fall. When I’ve had enough, I make the long trek back to camp. Upon nightfall, all I can hear are echoing bikes and wood popping from the fire pits. The air has begun to fill with sand from the bikes riding so close to camp, making it difficult to breathe. RV’s are packed so tightly that I can no longer see the night stars that once shone so bright. Everyone around me is beginning to celebrate, and the crowds are starting to become lively. Children must head off to bed as it is starting to become late. The world around me is becoming a little overwhelming with the noise and lights; the time has come to head into the RV and try to fall asleep because I must wake up early the next day to try to catch a good ride through the now choppy sand. As I close my eyes, the noise seems to get louder, and the flickering camp fires begin to become bright with a promise of a loud sleepless night ahead. Although I enjoy camping in the mountains and the desert, the soft, crisp mountain breeze offers a promise of a relaxing and breath taking experience. With the hiking, the trees and the friendly atmosphere, the mountains have much more to offer.

Critical appreciation Essay Example

Critical appreciation Essay Example Critical appreciation Paper Critical appreciation Paper Since Theres No Help is a typical example of Draytons work, yet it has been solely responsible for plucking Drayton from the general obscurity of Elizabethan sonneteers. It was his one and only excellent sonnet, reaching the highest level of poetic feeling and expression1 considered to be the the one sonnet by a contemporary which deserves to rank with some of Shakespeares best1. This poem is written in traditional Shakespearian sonnet form, consisting of fourteen lines of iambic pentameter. The rhyme scheme is also consistent of a Shakespearean sonnet, being [abab cdcd efef gg]; yet critics are divided as to whether this sonnet can be split into the traditional three quatrains and a rhyming couplet, as with other Shakespearean sonnets. Lemuel Whitaker, in his essay The Sonnets of Michael Drayton, argued many critics have shut their eyes to the sestet. Now, at the opening of line 9, undoubtedly acts as a Volta, marking a substantial change in tone and causing some critics, including Whitaker, to consider this sonnet as an octave and a sestet, following the Petrachan sonnet form, rather than as a Shakespearian sonnet. The language has a vivid, spoken quality, whilst being sincerely simplistic. It also displays the directness that characterises most Elizabethan poetry. After the Volta in line nine, the language and tone changes greatly. In the final stanza, Drayton employs alliteration and sibilance to great effect. He also uses personification of Love, Passion, Innocence and Faith in the third stanza. This style of expression is very elaborate and contrasts with the simple language used previously. Michael Drayton was born in Warwickshire in 1563, the son of a prosperous tradesman. As a youth, he received his educational training in the house of Sir Henry Goodere of Polesworth2, to whom he eventually became page. Since Theres No Help has been generally regarded as the culminating cry of his unrequited passion3 for Gooderes daughter, Anne, who also served as the inspiration of Draytons collection of sonnets Idea in which Since Theres No Help was published. Whitaker dismisses the idea that Drayton addressed Anne Goodere in the strain of a lover, as a not a tenable theory. His work undoubtedly reflects many of the poetic fashions of the time and it this gallantry of the age that leads Whitaker to this conclusion. This poem appeared circa 1620 under the title Breaking up is hard to do and is also frequently referred to as the Love Parting sonnet. Despite this, the critic Lemuel Whitaker maintains a cursory reading of the final lines shows that it is not a love-parting theme, but a love-reconciliation. This is a view, which I personally disagree with. While, in the final couplet the tone unexpectedly changes, with the poet saying that it is up to his lover (presumably Anne) to revitalise their relationship and breathe life into it, because, despite the sentiments expressed in the opening two stanzas, he really doesnt want to cancel all our vows, there is no suggestion that she returns his affections, therefore making a reconciliation impossible. Line two suggests that it is the poet, who is rejecting the woman, presumably Anne Goodere, which, bearing in mind the strong autobiographical note present in the poem is unlikely. The repetition of glad in line three adds power and emphasis. This type of rhetorical device is often used when a poet is trying to convince the reader of his point of view. It also suggests that that the poet is not only trying to persuade the reader, but himself also. From this, it can be inferred that he deeply loves the woman and that his opinion in line four that so cleanly I myself can free is not the case. This language appears to be a form of self-deception and a male refusal to admit an emotional problem, which he cannot overcome, and is one that I think many modern audiences could identify with. This attempt to conceal pain and true emotion is also evident in line 8, where the poets uses the colloquial expression, one jot, professing to be careless and almost cynical of the power of love. Here, the simplistic language adds poignancy to the words of the poet. While Drayton was one of the sonneteers that indulged in a conventional literary expression, this seemingly male reluctance to admit his pain and loss of control of his feelings for a woman who has rejected him does not fit into this form of sonnet vogue. Despite displaying many of the literary forms and techniques of the time, Since theres no help was not written, as Whitaker claims In terms of the gallantry of the age or as the homage of a friend, but in fact, as the culminating cry of his unrequited passion. Sidney Lee4 agrees with Whitaker that for the most part, Drayton is a sonneteer on the normal Elizabethan pattern and his sonnets are rarely distinguished by poetic elevation but he asserts that occasionally a thin rivulet of natural sentiment winds its way through the fantastic conceitsonly in his famous sonnet [Since theres no help] did his genius find in that poetic form full scope. The third stanza contrasts in both tone and language to the rest of the sonnet. Here Drayton personifies Love on its deathbed. He uses the literary embellishment of alliteration and sibilance to convey the drama, feelings and passion of his conflicting emotions. The word lies at the end of line 10 has a duel meaning. Firstly it can be interpreted as a way of describing Passions position on his deathbed. Alternatively, it can be seen to suggest that Drayton was admitting that his words were untrue and that the feelings his poem professes were not consistent to what he felt. Drayton describes how Faith is kneeling by his bed of death. This suggests that his experience with this woman has shaken his faith in God. Drayton lived in a time of great religious upheaval and this contextual suggestion, is not altogether surprising. It is a very powerful image where even God is mourning the loss of the life of this relationship. The traditional image of first love is consistent with ideas of innocence and purity. Line 11 suggests that Draytons innocence is also standing by, watching his love die. Drayton associates his railed relationship with his loss of innocence. This may be a reference to how his innocent, romantic illusions, possibly consistent with the tradition form of courtly love, have been shattered by this experience. Unexpectedly, the tone again changes in the final couplet. It is only here that Drayton admits that he really doesnt want his relationship and love to die, he wants he to help them recover. It is this idea of recovery that provides the reader with an important clue to the real sentiments of the poet. The couplet also implies, that it was not in fact the poet who ended the relationship, but the woman, as it is her that he begs to save it when all have given him over. While Since Theres No Help displays many of the literary conventions of the time, it is by no means a stereotypical Courtly Love sonnet, conveying no real feelings. Considering the context of the poets life, this poem is probably autobiographical, dedicated to the love Drayton felt for Anne Goodere. I believe that it truly is the culminating cry of his unrequited passion5. 1 Sidney Lee, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. bartleby. com/213/1212. htm 2 http://print. inforplease. com/ce6/people/A0816085. html 3 Lemuel Whitaker, The Sonnets of Michael Drayton, luminarium. org/renlit/whitaker. htm 4 Sidney Lee, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, bartleby. com/213/1212. htm 5 5 Lemuel Whitaker, The Sonnets of Michael Drayton, luminarium. org/renlit/whitaker. htm.

4New †The First Blockchain Ecosystem

4New – The First Blockchain Ecosystem In developed and ordinary societies, waste management essentially implies the gathering, keeping, treatment and transfer of waste so as to render them innocuous to human and animals’ life – the nature and environment in general. It could likewise be said to be the sorted out and efficient dumping and diverting of waste through or into landfills or pathways to guarantee that they are discarded with consideration regarding adequate general wellbeing and environmental shield. Legitimate waste management will bring about the decrease or aggregate end of contamination. In Nigeria, managing waste transfer has turned into a noteworthy worry in spite of a few endeavors by progressive governments and private associations toward that path. That is why it is a common sight across the country today to see heaps of festering waste dumps in relatively every alcoves and crevices. Private lofts, markets, conduits, roadways, boulevards and undeveloped plots of land have been swung to waste dumps for some family units. No big surprise numerous say that in Nigeria, waste increments in a geometrical movement and accumulation and transfer is at an arithmetical movement. Why all these problems when waste can be recycled to produce energy? With this let me present to you a solution. 4NEW is the worlds driving eco-accommodating, substantial, blockchain ecosystem controlled by waste to power control plants. The idea is very basic, the procedure of refining waste products into water and organic materials makes power which is unrestricted and uninhibitedly accessible for use or deal to the national lattice or connected to work mining forms at an on location mining ranch. Having a one of a kind chance to apply this finite lifetime supply of power to its coin called KWATT with the symbol KWATT. Each KWATT Coin will have the limit of 1 kilowatt of power for multi-year. Not at all like different organizations, which offer comparative administrations, 4NEW is remarkable as in there will be no charges of energy expenses for mining, while the main cost to a coin holder is the cost of the coin. Clients will be at freedom to choose which coins or coins they might want to put their KWATT Coin power towards to mine. The choices will comprise of the best twenty minable coins, which will consequently point the important measure of hash rate towards mining that coin. Yields will be executed to the record related with your 4NEW Wallet and with the KWATT coin; they will have the capacity to stake their tokens on the system enabling customers of capacity to use the staked coins to process crypto exchanges for monetary standards, for example, Bitcoins, Bitcoin Cash, E thereum and Dash among others. Depending on the waste to energy show idea, 4NEW is being paid for waste handled and the sales of by-products, for example, manure, organic materials and clean water, with start-up expenses to this system financed by the mint piece deal, and the plants overhead subsidized with money flow created from gathering of waste and income from offer of side-effects. At the point when appropriately kept up to run reliably with negligible downtime for 92% of yearly hours without irregularity, contingent upon the setup of the plant 4NEW can profit by other income streams as entryway expenses, Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROC), Feed-in Tariffs (FiT), and Renewable Heat Incentives (RHI) utilizing diverse innovations and procedures including Combustion, Gasiï ¬ cation, and Anaerobic Digestion.

MILITARY TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN WWII AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM Essay

MILITARY TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN WWII AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM - Essay Example There have been several changes in technological, political and socio-economic arena during 19th and 20th centuries. The management strategies of all the governments in different governing bodies also undergone modifications. US military has also undergone significant transformation in these two centuries in general and post World War II period in particular (Flinor Sloan, 2008). The transformation is a continuous process and it will under go more so in future too. Based on the nature of challenges and foreign policies of other nations, US military transformation would develop its style. Earlier, the issue was World War II and several other nations were under colonial control of few nations, hence its strategies were different. However, with reduction in need for world wars and due to concentration on other economic issues, significant transformation occurred in recent years. The major challenge before all nations including US is terrorism. Military forces have to apply different app roach to tackle this deadly menace. At the same time, US military alone can’t tackle this challenge and it requires strong cooperation and coordination from other nations. Hence this necessitated the strong transformation of US military since World War II. The present essay examines the nature of transformation of US military, reasons for its transformation, various components of its transformation and future options. As discussed earlier, with the change in socio-political scenarios in USA and the remaining world, the priorities and objectives of US military witnessed a clear transformation. Hence it can be mentioned that socio-economic structural changes are one of the main reasons for significant transformation in US military since World War II period. The growing extent of global terrorism in the recent years led to change in US military style and structure. Especially after the attack of World Trade Centre in New

Environmental Issues in South East Asia Research Paper - 1

Environmental Issues in South East Asia - Research Paper Example It ha been pointed out that the Southeast Asian countries are among the less developed countries in Asia that are currently in the process of industrialization. They include Cambodia, Brunet Darussalam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, and Myanmar. These countries are not as industries as Asian countries like Japan and China. The countries can take pride in the low political temperatures that have been seen in most of them over the recent past. The neighboring countries that constitute the Middle East countries like Iraq, Iran, or Syria have witnessed political revolutions that have a significant impact on the economic development of the nation. Industrialization in the Southeast Asian countries began in the second half of the twentieth century. Various industries are available in the Southeast Asia countries. The cotton textile industry had been developed in the region way back before the 1950s. Agricultural industries are common in the countries like Myanmar and Cambodia whereas countries like Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines have manufacturing industries. Different environmental problems are experienced in different parts of the world. The key environmental issues in different countries in the Southeast Asia include seasonal smoke and haze, soil erosion/degradation, water pollution, air pollution, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, poor access to clean water, pollution from solid waste, hazardous materials, and hazardous wastes.

Three shopping centres in the West Midlands Essay Example for Free

Three shopping centres in the West Midlands Essay My final hierarchy would look like this: My original aim of this coursework was to investigate if three shopping centres in the west midlands can be placed into shopping hierarchies, however after looking at my results I don’t think that there is a shopping hierarchy. I believe that people want to shop in places they are familiar with and also places that are generally clean. Limitations to my coursework: I think that there were many factors that could have influenced my data one of them being the amount of time we had to collect our data because I believe that we didn’t have enough time to make my data as accurate as possible. We had half a day to collect all the data in the settlements. This was not enough time to collect the data for reliable and accurate results. The averages gained could have been more accurate if there had been more data for which we needed more time. I think that another factor that influenced my data was the fact that the data collection done had not been random, meaning inaccurate results because to get the most accurate results you have to collect your data randomly. Also as we collected our data from one part of the settlement, like the car registrations, this could also have made my data unreliable. I think the environmental surveys that we had completed could be unreliable because they were based on personal opinion, thus causing them to be a bit biased, making them unreliable. Another factor that could have affected my data is the time of day I had collected the data. The data was collected at different times of the day for each settlement; this could therefore result in the reliability of the data because each settlement has a time of when it’s busiest and a time for when it’s slowest. Improvements to my results: There are a few ways in which I could improve the limitations of my results, such as the number of car registrations that I collected. I had collected around 25 car registrations for each settlement, however if I had collected around 50, this would have increased the reliability of my results, as more car registrations would have outlined the sphere of influence for each settlement even more, causing more reliable results. I think that to improve my environmental surveys I could ask other people what they think about the environment and list all the factors they have to score on, this would make the environmental surveys less biased as they are not just based on my personal opinion but on what other people think of the environment in the settlement as well. I think that to improve my results further we could perhaps visit each settlement for one whole day and note down the changes that occur in the settlement throughout that day and also look at how well the environmental level are maintained throughout the day. This would also give us more time to collect the data for our results. I don’t think there is any way to make collecting the data random, however if I were to collect the data randomly, I would collect some car registrations from the car park and some from around the side streets where most shoppers park their cars. This would perhaps make my data collection more random and make my results more reliable.

The Confident Man or Woman :: College Admissions Essays

The Confident Man or Woman I'm one of those people that are never satisfied. That's not to say that I don't enjoy life, far from it. It's more that I am always analysing, thinking and predicting. The outcome of all this, is that I like to try different ways of doing things. Sometimes the new way doesn't work, sometimes it does and I try to bed it down before moving on to the next improvement. Perhaps, part of the reason I am this way is that I'm task oriented, (a psych term if ever there was one). As a rule, I don't care how I get there, but once I set myself a goal, I don't stop till it's achieved. I rarely think about ego, my own or anyone else's, nor do I tend to worry about people's feelings. This has dropped me in a lot of hot water, both in my private life and at school. I say that something is not going to plan and therefore needs to be fixed and the person responsible for that thing invariable takes offence. Clearly I am calling into question their right to exist as a human being. Why are so many people so thin skinned? If I don't feel anything negative towards someone, and therefore no hint of sarcasm or accusation should enter my words, and I am stating nothing but facts and agreed objectives, where is the justification to take offence? Are we so far down the road to political correctness that we can no longer even talk about areas that need work, without being accused of being insensitive, authoritative, etcetera? As another example, while playing tennis doubles I ask my partner to cover more of the centre-court when I am receiving. I explain that the server has a wide angle serve which is forcing me to return from outside of the court entirely. Do I get a nod of agreement and a more effective team? No. I get hostility because the message inferred was that my partner was not pulling her weight or was responsible for the last point lost or some other imagined insult.

Volcanoes: Volcano and Lava Acidic Lava

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from below the surface. The lifespan of a volcano can be about from a few months to a million years. A very popular way of classifying the volcanoes based on the frequency of their eruptions. Magma is molten rock within the earth’s crust. When magma erupts through the earth’s surface it is called lava. Lava can be thick and slow-moving or thin and fast-moving. Rocks also come from volcanoes in other forms, including ash (finely powdered rock that looks like dark smoke coming from the volcanoes), cinders (bits of fragmented lava), and pumice (light-weight rock that is full of air bubbles and is formed in explosive volcanic eruptions – this type of rock can float on water). The largest volcano on the earth is Mauna Loa located in Hawaii. This volcano is about 10,000m from the sea floor to the summit. It rises 4000m above sea level. The most active volcano is Mount St. Helens located in Washington state. TYPES OF VOLCANOES 1. Active volcanoes . Dormant volcanoes 3. Extinct volcanoes ACTIVE VOLCANOES Volcanoes which erupt frequently are called active volcanoes. Active volcanoes are those which erupted lava, gases, pumice, cinder etc in the recent historic periods. Presently there are about 500 active volcanoes around the earth of which most of them are located in the pacific ring of fire. E: g Mauna Loa which erupted recently in Hawaii in the year 1984. Augustine volcano which is located in Alaska and erupted in the year 1991. Mount St. Helens in Washington which erupted from 1980-1986 and again in the year 2004. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE WHERE MAJORITY OF THE EARTH’S VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED. DORMANT VOLCANOES It is normally difficult to distinguish dormant and extinct volcanoes from each other. Dormant volcanoes are those which erupted in the past and are likely to erupt again after remaining inactive for fairly long periods. These volcanoes are also called sleeping volcanoes which may become active once again. Volcanoes are becoming dormant because the earth’s plates are continuously shifting above volcanic hotspots. Each time the hotspot reaches the surface, it creates a new volcano. The tectonic plate continues to shift above the hotspot, and eventually the volcano is shut off from the magma chamber beneath. And so the magma finds a new source to the surface, creating a new active volcano. The older volcano stops erupting and becomes dormant. E: g Mount Rainer in Washington, Mount Fujiyama on Honshu, in Japan and Mount Etna in Greece. Mount Fujiyama, Japan EXTINCT VOLCANOES Extinct volcanoes are ones which scientists consider unlikely to erupt again, because the volcano has no lava supply. Extinct volcanoes are those which were active in the remote geological periods. It’s very hard to differentiate between extinct and dormant volcanoes. For example Mount Vesuvius hadn’t erupted in a very long that the Romans of the 79 A. D. had no warning of its eruption, and no defense against its destruction of the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. E:g Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Mount Warning in Australia, Elburus in Russia. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania TYPES OF ERUPTIONS 1. CONICAL VOLCANO 2. SHIELD VOLCANO Conical Volcanoes The most common type of eruption takes at a point on the earth’s surface. Magma and other materials get erupted through a narrow conduit or pipe and get accumulated around the point of eruption. Such accumulation of erupted materials leads to formation of a conical hill. Shield Volcanoes A second type of eruption takes place along a narrow fissure in the crust. Large quantities of magma are erupted and these spread over a large area. The magma gets solidified as thick sheets of lava to form extensive lava plateau e. g. Deccan plateau, Idaho Plateau in the USA. LAVA Lava is the word for magma (melted rock) which comes out of the volcano onto the earth’s surface. When lava comes out, it cools and forms rocks. On the basis of composition of lava it is divided into two basic types of lava. Lava is exactly the same thing as magma, except magma is found inside the volcano. The form of the cone depends on the type of lava which comes out of that particular volcano. TYPES OF LAVA 1. Acidic lava 2. Basic lava ACIDIC LAVA – Acidic lava comes from the composite cones, it is slow moving and viscous. The acid lava cone has a narrow base, but it is high with conical shape. Acidic lava is rich in Silica but poor is iron and magnesium. It has a low density but, high melting point. When the volcano erupts with a heavy explosion, this type of lava forms high, steep-sided cones and solidifies in the vent, which in turn creates a plug through which it may erupt again. An example of an acid lava dome is Mount Lassen in California. Mount Lassen, California BASIC LAVA – It is the hottest lava at about 1000 degrees Celsius and is highly fluid. It is normally dark in color like basalt it is rich in iron and magnesium but poor is silica. It is not very explosive and flows quietly at about a speed of 10 – 20 km/hr. When the lava is basic in composition it flows down the slope of land and gets solidified away from the vent. In such cases, the volcanic cone obtains a broad summit with gentle slopes around it, these are called lava shields because the shape of the volcano looks like a shield lying on the ground. OTHER FEATURES OF VOLCANOES CRATERS – Craters are formed when a volcano erupts explosively, a portion of the summit gets blown off to form a depression called a crater, crater lakes are also results of volcanic activities. Crater Lake, Kutmai national Park CALDERA – In some volcanoes, the summit of the volcano blows up during a violent explosion resulting in the formation of a large depression called a Caldera. Some calderas are occupied by large lakes. In the state of Oregon, United States, there is a large caldera which has a diameter of 9km. Calderas are normally considered to be large than a crater. INTRUSIVE VOLCANIC FORMS Intrusive igneous landforms result from the cooling and crystallization of magmas beneath the surface, followed by erosion of overlying rock so that the intrusive landform is exposed at Earth's surface. The study of intrusive landforms is important in that rocks contained within them provide important information about internal earth igneous processes which cannot be directly observed. . Batholiths – Typically, are composed of multiple smaller intrusive bodies containing a variety of igneous rock types. They are gigantic intrusions of coarse grained igneous mass formed when a huge reservoir of magma cools and solidifies in an irregular shape. They form the core of old mountains. They are dome-shaped with no definite base. Smaller versions of batholiths are als o called stocks or bosses. 2. Stocks – It is an irregular igneous intrusion of magma, usually an offshoot of a batholith. 3. Sills – These are intrusions of magma/lava of horizontal shape which get solidified between layers of horizontal sedimentary rock. They form terraces or benches on hill-slopes. 4. Laccoliths – similar to a sill but magma collects as a lens shaped mass that arches the overlying layers upward. Magma viscosity is slightly higher than that for a sill. 5. Dykes – It is a sheet like intrusive body. They are normally vertical in shape. They are usually narrow but may extend several kilometers in length. Dykes are more resistant, because of their igneous origin.

Letter to the Editor about Arthur Schopenhauer Essay

Dear Sir,  Your editorial on the correctness and practicality of Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy in our everyday lives was well very well-written. In it, you have made clear the main elements of Schopenhauer’s philosophy: that existence, far from harmonious, is actually full of conflict, that the will – the innermost essence of every man – is irrational and nothing but a blind impulse toward existence, and that happiness cannot be attained by humankind because the will necessitates suffering (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 42). To solve the problem of existence, you proposed what Schopenhauer himself suggested, and that is the negation of the will as much as possible. This is similar to what Buddhists do in their denial of man’s desires. Thus, like Schopenhauer, you propose everyone should try to rid themselves of their will to attain Nirvana. Sir, as much as I intellectually enjoyed your exposition of Schopenhauer’s philosophy, I would have to disagree with you both. I think that the will should not be denied because it does not necessarily lead to suffering. Instead, suffering must be overcome by changing those who are willing. These refutations are based on the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, whose thought I think has more practical applications in life than Schopenhauer’s. Nietzsche greatly admired Schopenhauer because of the wisdom that allowed him to break with the optimism of the Western philosophical tradition which followed Friedrich Hegel. However, Nietzsche’s philosophy developed into a complete and utter refutation of Schopenhauer’s, which he deemed wrong and I deem wrong. For Nietzsche, pessimism was good, as long as it is not the â€Å"weak pessimism† that Schopenhauer adopted (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 44). This kind of pessimism is uncreative and negative and would simply lead men to living lives based on nothingness. What Schopenhauer did was merely to replace Kant’s transcendental world of reason with the will but the basic approach did not change (Strong, 1988, p. 227). I would even venture to say that Schopenhauer’s suggestion when it comes to living life is far more absurd than that of Kant. For while Kant instructed us to use reason in everything we do, Schopenhauer would rather us erase our will – something which is virtually impossible since the will cannot be completely destroyed. It is easy to point out what Schopenhauer’s biggest mistake was in terms of Nietzsche’s philosophy. Nietzsche’s concept of the master and slave morality draws a line between self-affirming values and self-denying values. The master morality consisting of self-affirming values of selfishness and absolute individualism will lead to the creation of the ideal Superman who will be perfect in mind and body (Mencken, 2003, p. 64-65). On the other hand, self-denying values, which are mainly perpetuated by Christianity, will lead to man’s ruin. Schopenhauer, with his belief that the will should be negated because it necessarily leads to suffering, clearly adopted a slavish attitude toward life. The danger with following Schopenhauer is that his philosophy was a direct result of his own slavish nature, and thus, men would suffer more and perish if they followed it. Schopenhauer took his own psyche and prescribed it to everyone without thinking that his will was not shared by the entire world. Thus, said Nietzsche, people should not be forced to say that â€Å"the world is Schopenhauer writ large (Strong, 1988, p. 227).†   Schopenhauer is also wrong when he said that happiness is impossible for it is nothing but a form of pain and a brief cessation of desire (Nietzsche, 2006, p.11). From my own experience, I could definitely say that I have experienced happiness and though it did not last forever, the feeling was not a negative one. It also doesn’t make sense to me why a person would want to move away from happiness simply because it is fleeting. Again, Nietzsche has a better opinion on happiness because to him, happiness is a function of power. Whatever increases power is good and feels good. Therefore, happiness is power and to attain happiness, men should strive to be powerful. The path to happiness is not denying the will but to change those who are willing. Instead of negating the will or curbing our desires, men must always act for the benefit of the generations to be born after him, according to Nietzsche. By practicing life-affirming values, the instinct to apply the will to power becomes sharper. Generations of putting the master morality into practice and getting rid of slavish beliefs would eventually lead to the formation of a new society of supermen with perfected instincts (Mencken, 2003, p. 67). For me, this goal is clearly far superior, more positive and beneficial to humankind than what Schopenhauer proposed. Schopenhauer’s philosophy is basically that of resignation and negation. His ways to achieve the abolishment of the will should inspire revulsion in someone who loves life. Schopenhauer said that the will could be destroyed through timeless contemplation such as what artists do, and by living a life of an ascetic (Nietzsche, 2006, p.11). Nirvana is the ultimate goal of these lifestyles, which is supposed to be a state of perfect nothingness and peace. Schopenhauer defended his view by saying that this state of nirvana might be nothing to a man who still desires, but to a man who has denied his will, the current world we’re living in â€Å"with all its suns and milky way is nothing (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 45).† While Schopenhauer was right when he said there will always be suffering, it does not follow that we should adopt his attitude of resignation and negation. It also does not follow that we must abolish our desires and live as hermits and artists devoid of passion. As Nietzsche said, suffering is not something to destroy for it is a productive power. Instead of escaping suffering and struggle, men must overcome these to cancel out their weaknesses and preserve their strengths (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 45). Clearly, Nietzsche was correct again in this aspect as Schopenhauer was wrong. The answer to creating more powerful, happier selves and society is not to eradicate our desires. Instead, we must assert our individualism and selfishness more strongly, not to create chaos, but to build a better future for the generations after us. Schopenhauer was a great thinker but he allowed his slavish nature took control of his ideas. I have no doubt that following his philosophy would only lead to our ruin. References Mencken, H.L. (2003). The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Tuczon: See Sharp Press. Nietzsche, F. W. (2006). The Nietzsche reader, Volume 10. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Pfeffer, R. (1972). Nietzsche: disciple of Dionysus. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press. Strong, T.B. (1988). Friedrich Nietzsche and the politics of transfiguration. Berkeley:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of California Press.

A Modern Family Essays

A Modern Family Essays A Modern Family Essay A Modern Family Essay A Modern Family The situation comedy on television that I choose to study, which I believe highlights family values and functions, is ABC’s â€Å"Modern Family†. As the title suggests this is based on what we might perceive as the current, everyday family. I have watched this show with mixed emotions since its inception but these are only my observations about the show, no one can know what the writer’s background is and from what mindset they are coming from. The show is about the â€Å"New† version of your basic family tree, but being a modern version there are several differences from an â€Å"Ossie Harriett† family show. They give us as many of the different types of family dynamics as possible in a thirty minute program. We have the patriarch of the family as a divorced older man with a second marriage to a younger woman. It doesn’t hurt that the younger women is a Latin bombshell with a young son. This shows to me the almost typical family with divorce being common place in our society. Then you have the patriarch’s married daughter with an adolescent acting husband and several children living at home. Last but not least, we have the patriarch’s gay son and life partner with their adopted Asian daughter. Sadly this just shows to me that society accepts this behavior as normal, not the abomination it is according to the Bible, adoption is a beautiful thing but why do they ruin it by having a to portray a gay couple. Just as an example, one episode reflects on the family’s reaction to the children of the married daughter walking in on their parents having sex. Of course the kids freak out and claim they are scared for life and the parents freak out because they remember being scared by seeing the same thing with their own parents but the kids come to the realization that at least their parents are together and still â€Å"doing it†, unlike many of their friends whose parents are no longer together. The married daughter talks with her father about the reasons why he never spoke with her about the same situation when she was young. He admits that they just didn’t communicate with their kids like parents do today. This sitcom does try to deliver the concept of togetherness in family, support for one another and the tightness that family bonds can bring. A unique use of confessional interviews gives us an insight into what the individuals are really thinking. They talk to an unknown cameraperson about what they were really thinking or doing instead of what we actually saw on camera. The â€Å"mockumentary† style gives the viewer the real skinny on what’s happening. This mocking part of the show does give a little negativity to the program, because it shows how the family member might not actually like what just happened or was said but they truly did not confront the other family member. â€Å"Modern Family† seems to focus more on how the families interact with one another, more so then how they interact with the outside world. They do cover some if not all your typical family values but unfortunately they are worldly based not Godly based values, so we have all the worldly negative influences. They have â€Å"good† messages each program but not â€Å"Godly† messages. I wouldn’t say that this program has had a positive or negative influence on my personal view of what a family is, it’s just shown me more so how callous we as a society have become to many of the Biblical teachings, in the name of entertainment.

Building Community in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Building Community in Organizations - Essay Example The essay "Building Community in Organizations" talks about the approaches to organizational design such as the functional approach, divisional approach, network approach, team approach and the matrix approach. Organizational design is a guided and formal procedure for integrating individuals, information, and technology of a company. The divisional approach is where managers in large firms organize for specialized departments to be formed because they always have difficulties monitoring all the company activities and products. The departments formed are split according to their outputs in the organization. They include departments for distinguishing among production, geographical categories, and customer service. With these, managers can focus their resources and outcomes, and easily monitor performance. The Matrix approach combines functional specifications with the aim of achieving a divisional structure. It uses lasting cross-functional groups to incorporate functional experts with a divisional objective. Employees here associate themselves with at least two formal teams at the same time. The functional approach may be more applicable to human service organizations because it enhances good communication and responsibility affiliations that are essential in human services. It also makes employees feel comfortable while at the same time simplifying their training. This is a good approach when dealing with people in an organization because they will feel recognized and thus motivated.

Professional development and the role of mentorship Essay

Professional development and the role of mentorship - Essay Example Walsh (2010) asserts that successful mentors are those that foster growth and development in others. Indeed, within the broader precinct of education, mentors can be defined as guides and advisors in the learning process. Various scholars are of the view that mentors provide enabling environment to students in practice setting (Carnwell et al., 2007). Mentoring is core aspect of healthcare profession that serves as critical linkage in forging constructive relationships and developing skills and competencies of individuals to improve and improvise their performance. Department of Health (2001:6) describes it as ‘nurse, midwife or health visitor who facilitates learning, supervises and assesses students in the clinical setting’. As such, mentors identify and evaluate core competencies of students and help exploit them for improved performance. It is especially true for pre-registration of healthcare workers and RNs so that they are better equipped to face the challenges of the times. Hence, effective mentoring guides young nursing professionals to identify and develop their competencies for higher healthcare delivery. Role of mentor is critical aspect in the transition of students into the registered healthcare professional due to huge shift to responsibility and accountability of the changing position. Gopee (2011: 9) claims that role of mentor in nursing education is to ‘direct focus on enabling students to gain safe and effective clinical practice skills during practice placement’. He has broadened the framework of mentorship by not only expanding on the definition of DH and including the mandatory qualification and experience of registered nurses as defined by NMC but also by elaborating on the expected roles of mentors within clinical setting with context specific experience and qualifications. NMC (2008) describes eight major roles of mentors: preceptor; assessor; clinical educator; clinical supervision; clinical supervisor; Practice teacher; registrant, supervisor. Preceptor has basic minimum qualification of twelve months’ experience who facilitates students’ tra nsition to registrant (DH, 2010). These have therefore becomes vital aspects of mentors. The assessor is equipped with essential skills and knowledge to assess students’ competencies. The Clinical educators, clinical supervision and clinical supervisor help the nursing students to enhance their skills in clinical setting through effective feedback. 3. Importance of mentoring Carlisle et al., (2009) emphasize that mentors’ role as practice education facilitator (PEF in short) and personal or link tutor is vital in nursing paradigm. They have described them as teacher in nursing and midwifery who encourage students learning experiences in practice setting by assessing their skills through feedback, guidance and reflective practices. Personal tutor and link tutor are often allocated to individual students to monitor their progress and coordinate with mentors on a regular basis. In healthcare education, link tutors have evolved as essential components of practice sessions. They pace their teaching as per the students’ competencies in terms of their learning experienc

Reading journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Reading journal - Essay Example The government sees the covering of face using veil, mask, or any other such thing as a threat to national security. The author has raised two questions for this stance of French government. First question is that whether all French people wearing masks and helmets be punished or restricted the same way as in case of veils? Second question is that will the government force the Arab tourists to bare their faces? When these questions are there, why the government is creating such a fuss for a very less number of face covering women? The answers seem to be the cultural, historical, and political facts. In the French culture, conversations between strangers and eye contact hold a key place but Muslim women do not do this because of which the French values are at risk. Sartorial rejection of French values because of veils is another reason for the government to put a ban on face covering. The author sums up the article by stating the fact that France is a country where uncovered bodies, breasts, and buttocks are cheered and celebrated. Covering the face by veil does just opposite to that because of which the government cannot allow it in any case. The issues that the article summarized above raises for me or my classroom community are personal preference and culture. For example, if I am from a culture where covering the face is essential for a woman when she is in public, then what will I do when the government will not allow me to do so? Similarly, it can be my own choice to cover my face or not. Does not it go against the self-independence or self-freedom? Although such questions can rise in the mind of any person, but the issues associated with veils, such as, threat to security cannot be ignored. Female terrorists have been reported to be using veils and burkas while carrying out the terrorist attacks in different parts of the world. They can hide their identities using veils and can carry out any violent attempt on any one. This article by

Emerging Technology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Emerging Technology - Term Paper Example This paper talks about the meaning, history, application, and limitations among other aspects of nanotechnology. Definition, Meaning and History of Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is basically defined as engineering that deals with functional systems at a molecular scale. It can also be defined as the ability of the engineers to make new attributes by controlling features at a nanometre scale (Davies 1). This is the technology that has been used to manufacture the microsystems which have reduced voluminous devices into modern day small devices. Nanotechnology is not only able to produce small devices but also devices which produce minimal waste (Davies 1). Although nanotechnology has gained momentum in the second half of the 20th century, it was James Clerk Maxwell who first toyed with the idea in 1967 (Knol 3). He had called for an experiment of small entities with an aim of handling person molecules. Richard Adolf Zsigmondy became the first person to use nanometer to characterize par ticle sizes in 1914. Modern nanotechnology was suggested by Richard Feynman in 1959 (Knol 2). He brought forth the notion of constructing devices and machines in molecular scale. Gordon Moore went ahead to predict how modern day circuitry would look like in 1965. He did this through his rule which has been practical for 50 years. The nanotechnology applied today was defined by Tokyo Science University lecturer, Norio Taniguchi in 1974 (Knol 3). He defined nanotechnology as the process involving separation, consolidation, and deformation of supplies by use of one molecule or atom. This was followed by discoveries such as the Finns’ atomic layering process. Recognition of this process by the entire scientific community put nanotechnology on the map. Application of nanotechnology was first done by Eric Drexler, a famous nanotechnological scientist, using the idea of molecular manufacturing (Knol 4). He argued that molecules would be a tight collection of marbles if atoms were ta ken to be marbles as represented in figure 1. This saw the molecules become standard scaled tools. These nanoscale tools worked in the same way as their significant counterparts irrespective of their size. The bonds between atoms could hold them together to form parts of nano machines. Drexler had visualized that these nano bots would be used as assemblers so as to place atoms into any desired shape. Drexler went ahead to argue that coal could be modified to diamond and computer chips could be formed from sand. He also explained that the process of manufacturing goods would be quickened by reorganizing the atoms that make them. This ignited the minds of many scientist who consequently devoted their time to develop nanotechnology and its applications we they are seen today. Fig. 1: Tight collection of marbles/atoms Courtesy of hplusmagazine.com Recent Business Applications of Nanotechnology Nanotechnology has had widespread applications in all sectors of the economy. Due to its prove d success in the manufacture of nanometer scale products, it has attracted all industries. Currently, it is the leading in production and application of